2DKLT-based Color Image Watermarking

The paper presents a digital image watermarking algorithm realized by means of two-dimensional Karhunen-Loeve Transform (2DKLT). The information embedding is performed in the two-dimensional spectrum of KLT. Employed two-dimensional approach is superior to standard, one-dimensional KLT, since it represents images respecting their spatial properties, resulting in a lower noise and better adaptation to the image characteristics. The principles of 2DKLT are presented as well as sample implementations and experiments, which were performed on benchmark images. We propose a measure to evaluate the quality and robustness of the watermarking process. Finally, we present a set of experiments related to the color-space, embedding variants and their parameters.The results show that the 2DKLT employed in the above application gives obvious advantages in comparison to certain standard algorithms, such as DCT, FFT and wavelets.